Atypical Swallowing in Children: When the Tongue Pushes the Teeth
Atypical swallowing is a fairly common condition in children and is often not immediately recognised. It involves an altered tongue position and movement during swallowing, which can exert abnormal pressure on the teeth and dental arches.
If not identified and addressed early, this functional habit can affect tooth alignment, bite development and the harmonious growth of the face.
At the Renata Bakaj Orthodontic Studio in Lugano, atypical swallowing is evaluated within pediatric orthodontics, with an approach focused on correcting function, not just tooth position.
What atypical swallowing is and why it develops
In correct swallowing, the tongue rests against the palate and does not press on the front teeth.
In atypical swallowing, the tongue tends to push forward or sideways, often against the incisors.
This swallowing pattern can develop for several reasons, including:
- prolonged thumb sucking or pacifier use
- mouth breathing
- narrow palate
- early muscular imbalance
- incomplete maturation of the swallowing pattern
In children, swallowing function is still developing and can be re-educated if addressed in time.
How atypical swallowing affects teeth
The tongue is a powerful muscle.
When it repeatedly pushes against the teeth—even for a few seconds but many times a day—it can gradually alter tooth position.
Common effects include:
- anterior open bite, where the front teeth do not touch
- protruding front teeth
- instability of orthodontic treatment results
- relapse after braces
- changes in facial profile
For this reason, correcting tooth alignment without addressing function may not be sufficient.
How to recognise atypical swallowing in children
Atypical swallowing is not always obvious, but certain signs can help parents and professionals identify it.
Common indicators include:
- tongue visible between teeth during swallowing
- front teeth that do not meet
- difficulty pronouncing certain sounds
- persistent mouth breathing
- tongue pressure against teeth even at rest
A targeted orthodontic evaluation allows for accurate functional analysis.
Why early intervention makes a difference
In children, the balance between muscles, teeth and bones is still adaptable.
This means that early intervention allows functional correction in a simpler and more effective way.
If left untreated, atypical swallowing can:
- maintain or worsen malocclusions
- compromise orthodontic treatment stability
- require longer and more complex treatment during adolescence
Early management is often straightforward and well tolerated.
How atypical swallowing is treated
Treatment for atypical swallowing is multidisciplinary and personalised.
From an orthodontic perspective, it may include:
- interceptive orthodontic appliances
- devices that help re-educate tongue position
- growth monitoring
In many cases, treatment is combined with myofunctional therapy, often with the support of a speech therapist.
The goal is not only to align teeth, but to teach the tongue to function correctly.
The role of parents and child cooperation
Daily cooperation plays a key role in treatment success.
Parents and children are actively involved, with clear and simple explanations to ensure the process feels natural rather than forced.
At the Bakaj Studio, the approach is always empathetic and focused on the child’s well-being.
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions about Atypical Swallowing
Does atypical swallowing correct itself over time?
Rarely, especially if it persists beyond early childhood.
Is an orthodontic appliance always required?
It depends on the case; sometimes functional therapy alone is sufficient.
Can it affect braces results?
Yes, if the swallowing pattern is not corrected.
Is it only a childhood issue?
It can persist into adulthood if not treated.
When should an evaluation be scheduled?
At the first signs or in the presence of visible malocclusions.